Abstract  

In some engineering applications soil stiffness only could not be a reliable parameter in accordance with specific standardizations especially, when

dealing with dynamic loading. In other words, foundation soil should be altered regarding its ductility in order to prevent sudden damage due to brittleness. Plenty of researchers have studied the effect of multifilament polypropylene fibers on soil reinforcement. Besides, the alkaline activation method has been adapted to alter the strength properties of soft soil. Furthermore, in a cutting edge method, alkaline activation of soft soil, using fly ash and Potassium hydroxide, coupled with soil reinforcement was adapted to change the post-peak behavior of soft soil. The goal of this novel technique is to increase the ultimate strength and to enhance the failure mode. In this research work alkali activated kaolin soil and alkali-activated reinforced kaolin soil were cured for 28 and 90 days respectively. Compressive stress tests were conducted on both mixtures, namely, SF40 ( Soil +40% fly ash) and SFR0.75 ( Soil+ 39.7% fly ash + 0.75% PP fibers) samples. Results drawn from the tests revealed a drastic increase in Compressive strength for SF40 samples cured for 28 and 90 days, namely, 3680 kPa and 18500 kPa, respectively. Whereas, the strength recorded by the control sample was only 190 kPa. Though a sharp drop was seen when approaching failure. The addition of reinforcing Polypropylene fibers brought about a drastic enhancement in failure mode for both of curing regimes.

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Abstract:

Wells that cannot produce liquids to the surface under their own pressure requires lift technologies to enable production. Some liquid wells need lift assistance from the beginning and almost all require it sooner or later. One of the most popular artificial lift methods applied in the oil industry, in order to increase productivity, is the gas lift method. Its main principal is the injection of gas in the well to reduce the average density of the fluids produced from the reservoir, hence the weight of the fluid column. As a result, the declined reservoir pressure is sufficient to lift the fluids up to the surface. In this project three wells, (N-36, N-18 and N-53), located in Amal field are selected for the study. The production for all wells is dropping due to increasing water production. Therefore, the main task in this study is to design a gas lift system for these wells by using Prosper software. The procedure of designing an optimized gas lift system in PROSPER is thoroughly described in this study. In the design performed by Prosper, the main points obtained and determined are number of gas lift valves needed to lift the wells up, also the depth of these valves distributed through the tubing and space between valves. In addition to this, the amount of gas injected daily through these valves from casing to tubing. Finally, Inflow performance relationship versus vertical lift performance curves for these wells are determined before and after gas lift design as indication of increasing productivity. 

ABSTRACT

Libya is one of the largest countries in the olive oil production leading to

generate massive amounts of olive-waste cakes during the manufacture process

every year. Therefore, this experimental study aims to investigate the potential of

olive-waste cake as a low-cost natural source for preparation activated carbon

(AC). The solid olive oil mill residue was carbonized at 200 0C and chemically

activated using two methods including Model I (25% Zncl2) and Model II (25%

Zncl2 + 25% H2SO2) . To investigate the efficiency of prepared AC,decolourization of methylene blue founded in an aqueous solution was conducted. The effectiveness of this process was studied via key parameters

effects such as contact time, pH, and AC dose. The achieved results showed that

the decolourization using Model II was more than of Model I. The optimum

values of pH, contact time, and AC dose were 5, 120 min, and 2.5 g/L

respectively. At these conditions the maximum methylene blue removal was

75%. The results indicate that olive-waste cake has a potential in future water

treatment applications due to its high adsorption capacity.

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ABSTRACT

Water sources in Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi area are very limited and need to be studied for use either as drinking water or human activities. Therefore, several physical and chemical parameters of water sources in Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi region located in Northwest of Libya were investigated. For untreated water three sources were studied including groundwater wells, rain water, and Man-Made River (MMR). However, for drinking water packed and unpacked treated commercial water were investigated. The examined properties were pH, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorine, nitrates (NO- ), nitrites, sulfate, phosphate, iron, and cupper. The results showed that the groundwater and MMR water had high TDS concentrations between 1115 and 4090 mg/L leading to increase the total hardness in these samples. Most of the treated waters had very low of TDS concentrations causing loss the useful salts for consumers . However, the rain water samples had optimum values of TDS and other parameters. Regarding NO- all samples were within the limitation and in the range of 0.02 to 15 mg/L. Furthermore, all metal ions examined in this work such as iron and Cupper were within the WHO guidelines.

Abstract

The present work was carried out in order to investigate the physical and chemical quality of the Libyan Asbi'ah groundwater and the degree of its contamination. The achieved results were compared with international quality standards for drinking water. The sampleswere collected from five water wells of the Asbi'ah region. Several parameters were examined including Colour, Taste, smell, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Calcium and Magnesium Hardness, Total Hardness, Iron, Fluoride, Ammonia, Phosphate and Chloride. The results showed that the groundwater of Asbi'ah area were within the limitations of WHO Standards. For instance, the maximum values of Fe, PO4, F, NH3 and Cl were (0.92, 0.16, 1.2, 0.05)mg/L respectively. However, some samples had a bit high of concentrations for TDS (590mg/L) and Total Hardness (702mg/L). The most of the water wells shared the high concentration of Total Hardness which might be due to the earth geology of the studied area. This makes the water taste unacceptable and therefore, the water might not be used as drinking water.

Keywords: Natural Groundwater, Chemical & Physical Properties, Contamination, Asbi'ah -Libya.

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