.

ABSTRACT

Massive amounts of solid olive mill residues (olive-waste cake) generated

every year and disposed of in the environment. Thus, the present work aims

to study the preparation of activated carbon (AC) from Libyan Olive-Waste

Cakes as a natural source. The solid olive mill residue was carbonized at

200 C0 and chemically activated with 25% Zncl2 and 25% Zncl2 + 25%

H2SO4 . The prepared AC was used to reduce total hardness in groundwater.

The results showed that the addition of H2SO4 increased the treatment

efficiency of AC leading to decrease the total hardness concentration.

Several parameters affecting the efficiency of AC were investigated

including pH, initial concentration of AC, and contact time. The achieved

results showed that the optimum values were at pH: 3, AC initial

concentration: 2.5 g/L, and contact time 120 min. At these conditions the

maximum reduction of hardness was 75%. According to these results the

olive- waste cake can be considered as an effective natural source of

activated Carbon.

• Abstract
• A reservoir is a subsurface rock that has effective porosity and permeability which usually contains commercially exploitable quantity of hydrocarbon. Reservoir characterization is undertaken to determine its capability to both store and transmit fluid. Petrophysical well log and core data, in this paper, were integrated in an analysis of the reservoir characteristics by selecting of three productive wells. The selected wells are located at Abu Attifel field in Libya for Upper Nubian Sandstone formation at depth varied form 12921 to14330 ft. The main aim of this study is to compare the laboratory measurement of core data with that obtained from well log data in order to determine reservoir properties such as shale volume, porosity (Φ), permeability (K), fluid saturation, net pay thickness. The plots of porosity logs and core porosity versus depth for the three wells revealed significant similarity in the porosity values. The average volume of shale for the reservoir was determined to be 22.5%, and average permeability values of the three wells are above 150 md, while porosity values ranged from 9 to 11%. Low water saturation 13 to 22% in the three wells indicates the wettability of the reservoir is water-wet. 

.

.

.